Many plant species were "discovered" by plant explorers in this region and were then introduced to the rest of the world. Northern Europe would include areas that are cold and often covered with snow for extended periods of the year. Areas such as the United Kingdom and Ireland are tempered by warm sea currents that make them less "harsh" in terms of winter low temperatures or summer highs.

- See Southern Europe or Total Europe Map.
- See some of the gardens of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands and the U.K.