Traditionally, of course, pine trees have been one of the most valued trees for their lumber. Most houses in America have pine 2 by 4's or 2 by 6's inside of every wall. They are also valuable when used in the home landscape.

Pines are native to a wide range of the world including North America, Europe and Asia. Most of the species are trees but there are a few that grow to large shrub size. Their leaves are in the form of needles that appear in groups of 2, 3 or 5 from the stem. The number of needles, their length and flexibility along with the character of the cones are key identification features of pines.

The flowers of pines are monoecious meaning that they have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The female flowers when pollinated become cones which are characteristic of each species. A trained person can identify the pine species by the cones alone.

Two Needled Pines  

Scotch pine (P. sylvestris), Austrian pine (P. nigra) and red pine (P. resinosis) are probably the most common of the two needled pines.

- Native to North America - Not Native Pines
  • P. clausa - Sand Pine

  • P. contorta - Lodgepole Pine

  • P. echinata - Shortleaf Pine
    (Either 2 or 3 "yellow pine")

  • P. edulis - Pinyon Pine

  • P. elliottii - Slash Pine (Usually 3)

  • P. glabra - Spruce Pine

  • P. jeffreyi - Jeffrey Pine (Usually 3)

  • P. muricata - Bishop Pine

  • P. taeda - Loblolly Pine (Usually 3)

  • P. virginiana - Virginia Pine

 

  • P. banksiana

  • P. caribaea  (sometimes 3 needles)

  • P. contorta

  • P. densiflora

  • P. echinata (sometimes 3 needles)

  • P. halepensis

  • P. mugo

  • P. muricatn

  • P. nigra

  • P. pinaster

  • P. pinea

  • P. pungens  (sometimes 3 needles)

  • P. resinosa

  • P. sylvestris

  • P. thunbergii

  • P. virginiana

Three Needled Pines  
- Native to North America - Not Native Pines
  • P. attenuata - Knobcone Pine

  • P. coulter - Coulter Pine

  • P. echinata - Shortleaf Pine (Either 2 or 3 "yellow pine")

  • P. elliottii - Slash Pine (Sometimes 2)

  • P. jeffreyi - Jeffrey Pine (Sometimes 2)

  • P. palustris - Longleaf Pine

  • P. ponderosa - Ponderosa Pine (Sometimes 2 or 4)

  • P. rigida - Pitch Pine

  • P. serotina - Pond Pine (Sometimes 4)

  • P. taeda - Loblolly Pine (Sometimes 2)

  • P. armandii

  • P. aristata

  • P. cembra

  • P. fiexilis

  • P. koraiensis

  • P. lambertiana

  • P. monticola

  • P. parviflora

  • P. peuce

  • P. torreyana

  • P. waillchiana

Five Needled Pines
- Native to North America - Not Native Pines

The Eastern white pine (P. strobus), Western white pine (P. monticola) and limber pine (P. flexilis) are examples of common pines with 5 needles per bundle.

  • P. aristata - Bristlecone pine

  • P. flexilis - Limber pine

  • P. lambertiana - Sugar pine

  • P. strobiformis - Southwestern white pine

  • P. bungeana 2-3 feet

  • P. canariensis 9-12 in species

  • P. cembroides 2 feet

  • P. jeffreyi 6-8 in species

  • P. palustris 8-12 in species

  • P. patula 12 in species

  • P. ponderosa 5-l 1 inch (sometimes 2 needles)

  • P. radiata 4-6 in species

  • P. sabiniana 8-11 inches

  • P. taeda 6-10 inches

 

Native and exotic pines commonly used in the home landscape include:
  • P. anstela
  • P. centhra
  • P. contorta
  • P. koraiensis
  • P. parviflora glauca - Silver white Japanese Pine

 

  • P. peuce,
  • P. thunbergii - Japanese Black Pine
  • P. sylester
  • P. halepensis

 

Shrub pines include P. mugo, P. resinosa and P. strobes have produced cultivars that are strictly shrubs.
  • Crabapples
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